through the whole science lesson, we learnt that:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1.photosynthesis is the chemical process by which plants make food-glucose, a type of sugar- in their leaves in the presence of sunlight.
2. Plants have cells with chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll. This green substances is used to trap light energy. Only cells with chloroplasts can be the site of photosynthesis. During the process of photosynthesis, Light energy becomes chemical energy for photosynthesis to take place.
3.Water and carbon dioxide are the raw materials for photosynthesis. Water is absorbed from the soil while carbon dioxide comes from the air. The carbon dioxide enters the plant througho the small holes called stomata, found mainly on the underside of the leaves.
Questions on this point: Why is the stomata found on the underside of the leaves but not on top of it?
4. Glucose and oxygen are the products of photosynthesis. Oxygen is released into the air through stomata. Oxygen is used by living things for respiration.
5. Being soluble in water, glucose can be lost easily. In order to store it, some plants convert it into starch which is insoluble. A positive test for starch is by using iodine solution on a boiled leaf [after removing chlorophyll] which will indicate that photosynthesis has taken place when the iodine turns from yellowish-brown to blueish-black.
6.photosynthesis equation:
carbon dioxide + water -->[with the help of light energy and chlorophyll] glucose + oxygen.
7. Both sunlight and artificial light will allow plants that have chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis. The greater the light intensity, the greater is the rate of photosynthesis. Below are some factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis:
[a] carbon dioxide concentration
[b] water concentration
[c] chlorophyll concentration
Questions on this point: What are carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll concentration?
8. Photosynthesis does not happen only in leaves. For example, Cacti have green stems that can make food.
Questions on this point: so does this mean that cacti have chlorophyll on their stems instead on their prick/leaves?
9. Some plants have variegated leaves which have green and non-green parts. The green parts can carry out photosynthesis while the non-greens parts cannot.
Questions on this part: so, some part of the leaves doesnt carry out photosynthesis. does this mean that they do not have alot of nutrients?
10.[extra information] Leaves of plants change colour in the autumn because their chlorophyll breaks down revealing other colours such as orange and yellow.
Questions on this point: Why cant is be other colours like red , blue , pink?
RESPIRATION
1. Respiration is the chemical process whereby energy is released from the breaking down of food an organism had consumed in the presence of oxygen.
2. Chemical energy in food is converted to energy for activities like walking, sitting, sleeping, growing, breathing, etc.
3. Respiration occurs in almost all living things [plants and animals] all the time [day and night].
4. Respiration take place in every living plants and animals cell.
5.Respiration requires oxygen and food [e.g. glucose]
6. [informations] When we breathe in air, oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream in the lungs. The blood then carries oxygen to the cells around our body. Our digestive system breaks down the food we consume so that nutrients such as glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream. The blood then carries the glucose to the cells around our body.
7. Respiration produced carbon dioxide, water and energy.
8. Respiration equation:
Oxygen + glucose--> [with the help of living cells] carbon dioxide + water + energy
Note: So far, we only had been talking about aerobic respiration which occurs only when there is oxygen. Anerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. it produces lactic acid which gives you muscle cramps.
9. Differences between respiration and breathing:
respiration: -takes place in every living cells.
- A chemical process whereby energy is released from the foood [glucose]
breathing: -takes place in lungs
-A physical process in which there is an exchange of gases [air with more oxygen is inhaled and air with more carbon dioxide is exhaled.]